The technical structure of motorcycles is standard and understandable to anyone who understands at least a little bit about the internal structure of cars and motor vehicles.
- Most models are equipped with four-stroke engines with different capacities – 100 to 1000 cc. It depends on the class of equipment and the assumed direction of operation. ATVs installed on both diesel and gasoline engines, depending on the area of operation of motorcycles.
- ATVs, because of the operational features, are often equipped with automatic transmissions, or variators, working in up or down gears. However, there are models with a manual transmission, but they are fewer, as manual gearshift is not appropriate when riding off-road.
- The system that transmits the torque to the wheels can be gimbal or chain. ATVs designed to ride on difficult terrain are equipped with driveline drives, which makes them more reliable, but adds weight to the technique. Sports and universal (utilitarian) ATVs are equipped with chain drives.
- In view of the fact that the ATV and SSV technique is designed to operate in difficult, sometimes extreme conditions, it has higher demands on the suspension. Most models are equipped with undercarriage system, which consists of two arms, pendulum suspension on the rear axle, front shock absorber and hydraulic shock absorber. Heavy-duty models have independent suspension with hydraulics on each wheel.
- The cooling system is either air or liquid. The air system is easier to maintain and performs the function of engine cooling under medium loads. A liquid cooling system is more complex, but also much more efficient.
- Tire width and tread size are responsible for “tight” traction with the surface, the degree of immersion in soft ground and maneuverability. Sport ATVs designed for riding on smooth, hard or asphalt surfaces are usually equipped with tires with a small tread. For rough terrain with small variations in surface level, tires with medium-height tread are suitable. Mud, sand, wet riverbank, clay, stones – for such conditions tires with a large aggressive tread are used.
These are the main components of the ATV, on the basis of which the choice in favor of this or that model is made.